Macular holes are a common diagnosis which occurs when a full thickness break occurs in the center of the macula, which is the area in the center of the retina associated with your central vision. Patients may notice blurry central vision in the affected eye. Straight lines may appear wavy, or patients may notice a dim or gray area in their central vision. These most commonly occur in patients over the age of 55.
A macular hole is a small opening that develops in the macula, the central portion of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision.
A macular hole can interfere with activities requiring precise central vision, including reading and recognizing faces.
Macular holes most commonly occur as a result of age-related changes in the vitreous, the gel-like substance that fills the inside of the eye.
As people age, the vitreous gradually changes and may separate from the retina. In some cases, the vitreous pulls on the macula, creating an opening in the retinal tissue.
Other potential causes or associated conditions include:
Symptoms typically affect central vision and may include:
Macular holes often develop in one eye, although both eyes can be affected.
Some early changes associated with vitreomacular traction may be monitored, depending on the findings.
Many full-thickness macular holes are treated with a surgical procedure called a vitrectomy. During surgery, the vitreous is removed, and a gas bubble may be placed inside the eye to help the macular hole close.
Postoperative positioning and travel restrictions depend on the surgical technique and type of gas used.
Visual improvement varies depending on the size and duration of the macular hole and other retinal factors.
